Important Essay: Co-Education

Co-Education
1.    Meaning and evolution of this system
2.    Arguments in favor of co-education
3.    Arguments against co-education
4.    Conclusion.

Co-education means the education of boys and girls in the same schools, colleges or universities. This is a modern concept and it has made a remarkable rapid progress. It was first introduced in Switzerland, but now it has become popular almost in all Europe and America. The Eastern countries are also adopting this system gradually. In our country opinions sharply differ on the issue of co-education in colleges.
The supporters of co-education favorite mainly on two grounds: One say that co-education is an economical measure in a poor country like Our country. It is not possible to maintain separate colleges for boys and girls. Especially in vocational colleges a lot of money is required to equip the libraries, laboratories and workshops. In the second place, the social contacts between the members of the two sexes ate useful in many respects. The supporters of co-education say that if boys and girls ate educated together, they will develop in them a sort of mutual understanding. This believes that co-education makes boys less coarse and girls less morbid. The boys become civilized and polite and the girls get rid of their shyness. Moreover, it creates a spirit of competition in studies. Both try their hard to out-do the others.
The arguments of the supporters of co-education are weighty, but those against are more weighty. Demerits of this system make its success in this country doubtful. The opponents of co-education argue that in a hot country like Our country this system is impracticable. Here boys and girls become young at an early age. Youth is blind and there is every possibility that they may fall a victim to their emotions. Then every one of us knows that ends and aims of education for the two sexes are quite different, their demands in education are different from each other and, therefore, it is false economy to teach them in the same institution. Again, in Our country, colleges are very few and they are over-crowded. Co-education can prove economical only in such saxes when the number of the students in colleges is very small. And moreover we must remember that Islam disallows free mixing of boys and girls. It is for these reasons, the opponents of co-education thinks that the system is not fit for our country. To conclude, we may say that co-education is above objection in the professional colleges where the ultimate goal of all the students is the same, but in arts and science colleges where the two sexes are prepared for the normal routine of life, co-education is unnecessary.

Cheque, Cashbook and Bank Reconciliation statement

Cheque, Cashbook and Bank Reconciliation statement (Short Questions)
What is cheque?

A cheque is an unconditional order in writing drawn by a customer on his bank.
OR
A cheque is an unconditional order in writing, drawn by a customer on his bank requesting to pay on demand
a certain sum of money, to a person named in the cheque, or to the bearer to the order of a stated person.
How many kinds/types of cheque?
There are three kinds of cheque:
(1) Bearer Cheque           (2) Order Cheque                      (3) Crossed Cheque
What is a bearer cheque?
A cheque on which the phrase or "bearer" is written after the name of the payee. It is payable to any one who may present it at the bank.
What is an order cheque?
A cheque on which the phrase or "order" is written after the name of payee. It is payable to a certain person or order.
What is a crossed cheque?
When two parallel lines are drawn across the face of a cheque, it is said to be crossed cheque. It cannot be en-cashed at the counter of the bank. two parallel lines are drawn on the face of the cheque of left side corner.
What is meant by dishonor of cheque?
If the bank refuses to honor the cheque due to any reason, then the cheque is called dishonor of cheque.
OR
Sometimes there may be a mistake in writing a cheque or the amount of deposit in bank account may be less than the amount of cheque drawn. In such a case the bank will refuse to honor the cheque is called dishonor of cheque.
What is mean by endorsement of the cheque?
The holder of the cheque may transfer the cheque in favor of his creditor for clearance of his debt. This process is known as endorsement of cheque.
What is a bank draft?
Bank draft is one of the transferring money from once place to another. It is an order drawn by a bank on one of its branches requesting the later to pay the specified sum of money to the person named in the draft.
What is meant by hundis?
A hundi is exactly like a bank draft. One trading firm upon its branches drawn it.
What is a postal order?

Postal order like cheques are written order made by one post office on other. It is of small amount. It serves the same purpose as bank draft.
What is a cash amount?
Cash amount is an account ledger in which posting of only cash transactions are made from journal.
What are the different kinds of cash book?
There are three kinds of cash book:
Single column cashbook or simple cashbook.
Double column cashbook.
Treble column cashbook.
Define bank.
A bank may be defined as an institute, which purchases and sells money and transacts other financial business of like nature.
How many functions of bank are?
There are three functions of bank.
Primary functions    General functions     ?Agency functions
Define current account.
An account in which customer is allowed to deposit or withdraw the money as and when he likes. Usually banks do not allow interest on current account.
Define saving bank account (profit and loss sharing account)
An account in which deposits can be made only twice or trice a week, not exceeding a certain amount. Banks pay interest on these types of accounts.
What is a fixed deposit account?
An account in which certain amount is deposited for a fixed period. The amount can not be withdrawn before fixed time. The bank allows interest on fixed deposit.

English Grammar: The Use Of "Have to" and "Had to"

English Grammar: The Use Of "Have to" and "Had to"

Some time we have to tell others that speaker is doing a job in very compel so this situation can be express in English by using "has to" and "have to".
In English Grammar "has to" is used for the present and the "had to" is used for the past tense.
Structure: Affirmative
Sub + {has/have to + 1st form}+ Obj
I have to go to market for buying the eatable thing.
We have to chat by internet with my friends.
You have to invite your friends for the wedding.
He has to come in my birthday.

Structure: Negative

Sub + {has/have not to + 1st form}+ Obj
 People has not to work down to dusk for bread and butter.
We have not to toil for the job.
You have not to come in my house.
My friend has not to make a quarrel.
Usama Bin Laden has not to take pity any one.
Structure: Interrogative

Has/Have {sub + to 1st form } Object
Has the police to arrest the criminals for maintain the peace?
Have you to write an application for the holiday?
Have people to work down to dusk for livelihood?   
Has she to cook delicious food for the guests?

English Grammar: The Use Of "Had to"

 "Had to" is used in the past for the same as stated above.
Structure:.
Be continued ...............

English Grammar: The Uses of "May" and "Might"

English Grammar The Uses of "May" and "Might"

"May" and "Might" are used to denote permission, posibility, wish and purpose.
Note:.   "May" is used in the Present tense, whereas "Might" is used in the Past tense.
Structure:.
Subject + may/might + 1 form + Object
You may not leave this place.
He might not go home.
May I use your pen?
He may go to London for his study.
May you succeed in your business.
I have worked hard so that i might rise in life.
May God protect you.
It might have rained in Pakistan yesterday.
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Past Indefinite and Continuous Tense

Past Indefinite Tense

It indicates the passed tense without any condition.
Structure:.
Affirmative
Subject + {2nd form} + Object
Examples:
He got ready to give me the debit.
We protested against the Govt. for not providing electricity.
They forgave me all my mistakes.
He operated the computer last night.
She took a cup of tea with me in the hotel.
Negative:
  Sub + did not + 1st form + Obj

He did not get ready to give me the debit.
We did not protest against the Govt. for not providing electricity.
They did not forgive me all my mistakes.
He did not operate the computer last night.
She did not take a cup of tea with me in the hotel.
Interrogative:
Did + Sub + 1st form + Obj
Did we make a conservation with her?
Did the police arrest the criminals red handed?
Did you learn past indefinite tense from www.paradiseede.blogspot.com?
Did he leave for London last night?
Did she put the lamb chops in the broiler?

Past Continuous Tense

Past continuous tense indicates a job that was continue in the past.
Structure:
Affirmative
Subject + {was/were + 1st form + ing}+ Object
Examples:
They were cutting the crops.
She was climbing a tree.
People were getting money from the bank.
You were paying your bills regularly.
Johan was pretending to be a doctor.
Negative:

Subject + {was/were not + 1st form + ing}+ Object
Examples:
He was not abusing anyone.
I was not protecting my documents.
They were not hearing songs.
My brother was not watching T.V.
The headmaster was not punishing the students.
Interrogative:
Was/were + subject + {1st form + ing} + Object
Was she accepting your invitation?
Were they going to visit a zoo last week?
Were the trying to over come the problems?
Was I making you understand?